全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3137篇 |
免费 | 900篇 |
国内免费 | 1049篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 123篇 |
大气科学 | 1995篇 |
地球物理 | 646篇 |
地质学 | 331篇 |
海洋学 | 947篇 |
天文学 | 347篇 |
综合类 | 109篇 |
自然地理 | 588篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 82篇 |
2022年 | 126篇 |
2021年 | 148篇 |
2020年 | 163篇 |
2019年 | 213篇 |
2018年 | 154篇 |
2017年 | 203篇 |
2016年 | 174篇 |
2015年 | 199篇 |
2014年 | 241篇 |
2013年 | 256篇 |
2012年 | 253篇 |
2011年 | 254篇 |
2010年 | 190篇 |
2009年 | 268篇 |
2008年 | 220篇 |
2007年 | 276篇 |
2006年 | 233篇 |
2005年 | 178篇 |
2004年 | 162篇 |
2003年 | 156篇 |
2002年 | 135篇 |
2001年 | 100篇 |
2000年 | 113篇 |
1999年 | 78篇 |
1998年 | 76篇 |
1997年 | 56篇 |
1996年 | 66篇 |
1995年 | 59篇 |
1994年 | 52篇 |
1993年 | 58篇 |
1992年 | 35篇 |
1991年 | 33篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有5086条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
81.
水体浊度是影响水下光场及营养盐循环的关键要素之一,其变化过程与水生生态环境演变关系密切.基于2015-2016年7个时段于太湖贡湖湾内外的金墅和上山村两站点的水体浊度及东山气象站的逐时风场数据,利用分位统计等方法,探讨了风速、风向及时间累积效应对水体浊度的影响.结果表明:在以风场驱动为主要动力来源的大型浅水湖泊中,春、秋两季水体浊度的变化频率高于夏、冬两季,且春季变率更为突出;冬季风场和水体浊度的变率均较夏季明显.风场(包括风速、风向及其累积时间)是影响水体浊度变化的关键因素.其中风速是主要决定性因子;风向对水体浊度有较明显的影响,其通过对风速效应的修正进而影响水体浊度,该修正作用可用三角函数表征;水体浊度变化同时还受前期风场累积的影响,其前期时间累积效应的有效时段为2~10 h.该研究给出了风速、风向及风场累积效应的耦合对水体浊度的影响模型,有助于弄清风场对水体浊度变化的影响机制. 相似文献
82.
借助FAST软件对OC4半潜式浮式风机平台进行数值计算,分析了影响海上浮式风机平台首摇运动的一系列重要因素及其变化规律(如风向变化、浪向变化、陀螺力矩等)。研究了平台首摇运动所诱导的风机系统动力响应,发现浮式风机首摇运动不仅会加剧平台耦合运动响应,而且还会影响风机的气动性能和加剧锚泊张力波动。提出并探讨了几种减小海上浮式风机支撑平台首摇运动的方法。 相似文献
83.
本文基于时间分布参数设置,利用伴随同化方法,反演了Ekman模型中随时间变化的风应力拖曳系数,并在孪生实验和实际实验中对该方法进行了验证。在孪生实验中,研究了参数反演结果对不同影响因素的响应,包括:风速分布、风应力系数分布、风应力系数初始猜测值、风应力系数独立变量个数、观测数据误差和观测的深度。孪生实验结果验证了伴随同化方法反演Ekman模型中时变风应力系数的有效性,具体包括如下五个方面结论:1)不同风速分布下均能成功反演出不同风应力拖曳系数分布; 2)反演结果对初始猜测值较为敏感,风应力系数初始猜测值越接近给定值,反演结果越好;3)风应力系数独立点个数的选取会显著影响反演结果,合理的选择有利于提高反演效率及减小观测数据误差;4)观测误差能够影响反演结果,观测数据误差在20%以下时能取得合理的反演结果; 5)反演结果对观测数据的表层和次表层流速更为敏感,这是由Ekman流的物理性质决定的。实际实验,利用百慕大锚系试验平台的风速和流速数据,去除周期性潮流和地转流成分后得到Ekman流成分,并作为观测输入到该同化模型,反演出了适用于该区域和该时段的随时间变化的风应力系数。通过比较模拟流速和观测流速,证明利用伴随同化方法能从实测数据中反演出合理的时变风应力系数,对于海洋模型风应力系数的确定是一项有益的尝试。 相似文献
84.
2015年台风“彩虹”过境后下山冷急流引起的南海北部海域异常海面降温 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study deals with a unusual cooling event after Typhoon Mujigea passed over the northern South China Sea(SCS) in October 2015. We analyze the satellite sea surface temperature(SST) time series from October 3 to 18,2015 and find that the cooling process in the coastal ocean had two different stages. The first stage occurred immediately after typhoon passage on October 3, and reached a maximum SST drop of –2℃ on October 7 as the usual cold wake after typhoon. The second stage or the unusual extended cooling event occurred after 7d of the typhoon passage, and lasted for 5d from October 10 to 15. The maximum SST cooling was –4℃ and occurred after 12d of typhoon passage. The mechanism analysis results indicate that after landing and moving northwestward to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(YGP), Typhoon Mujigea(2015) met the westerly wind front on October 5. The lowpressure and positive-vorticity disturbances to the front triggered meridional air flow and low-pressure trough,thus induced a katabatic cold jet downward from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) passing through the YGP to the northwestern SCS. The second cooling reached the maximum SST drop 4d later after the maximum air temperature drop of –9℃ on October 11. The simultaneous air temperature and SST observations at three coastal stations reveal that it is this katabatic cold jet intrusion to lead the unusual SST cooling event. 相似文献
85.
Potential wind erosion rate response to climate and land‐use changes in the watershed of the Ningxia–Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River,China, 1986–2013 下载免费PDF全文
Climate and land‐use changes could strongly affect wind erosion and in turn cause a series of environmental problems. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess potential wind erosion rate (PWER) response to climate and land‐use changes in the watershed of the Ningxia–Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River (NIMRYR), China. The watershed of NIMRYR suffers from serious wind erosion hazards, and over recent decades, wind erosion intensity and distribution has changed, following climate and land‐use changes. To understand these processes in the NIMRYR watershed, the Integrated Wind Erosion Modelling System (IWEMS) and the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) were used to calculate the PWER under different climate conditions and land‐use scenarios, and to assess the influences of climate and land‐use changes on the PWER. The results show the PWER in the whole watershed had a significant declining trend from 1986 to 2013. The results of the relationship among PWER, climate change, and land‐use changes showed that climate change was the dominant control on the PWER change in this watershed. Compared to the period 1986–1995, the average PWER decreased 23.32% and 64.98% as a result of climate change in the periods 1996–2005 and 2006–2013, respectively. In contrast with climate change, the effects of land‐use changes on the average PWER were much lower, and represented a change in PWER of less than 3.3% across the whole watershed. The study method we used could provide some valuable reference for wind erosion modelling, and the research results should help climate and land‐use researchers to develop strategies to reduce wind erosion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
86.
A wind tunnel investigation of particle segregation,ripple formation and armouring within sand beds of systematically varied texture 下载免费PDF全文
This paper reports on a wind tunnel investigation of particle segregation, ripple formation and surface armouring within sand beds of systematically varied particle size distribution, from coarsely skewed to bimodal. By design, the system was closed with no external inputs of mass from an external particle feed. Particles too coarse to travel in saltation for the given range in wind speed were dyed red in order to distinguish them in optical images from finer sand particles, which could be entrained into the unidirectional airflow. A 3D laser scanner measured the changing bed topography at regular time intervals during 18 experiments involving varied combinations of wind speed and bed texture. Image classification techniques were used to investigate the coincident self‐organization of the two populations of particles, as distinguished by their colour. As soon as saltation commenced, some of the red particles segregated into thin discontinuous patches. Particle trapping and sheltering on these rough patches was strongly favoured, causing them to grow preferentially. During the earliest stages of formation, bedform growth coincided with: (i) rapid coarsening of the surface texture; and (ii) the merging of proto‐ripple ‘crests’ to generate larger rhythmic bedforms of lower frequency. Consistent with previous work, ripple size was observed to increase under stronger winds when not exceeding the threshold for entrainment of the coarse‐mode or red particles from the crest. With declining rates of mass transport and particle segregation as the bed surface armoured, and the consequent deceleration of ripple propagation through to the end of each experiment, all surfaces eventually attained a steady‐state morphometry. At saturation, the largest ripples developed on beds having the lowest initial concentration of red particles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
87.
太阳耀光是来自粗糙海面的直接太阳反射光,其强度与海面粗糙度密切相关,而海面粗糙度主要受海面风场影响。因此,包含太阳耀光信息的光学遥感影像在海洋动力过程和海面风速探测中具有积极意义。本文利用2016年2月到2017年3月期间成像的25幅Terra卫星MISR(Multi-angle Imaging Spectro Radiometer)传感器的多角度遥感影像,分别提取了太阳的高度角和方位角、正视和后视影像的卫星观测角、方位角等信息,校正获得正视和后视影像的太阳耀光辐射强度,进一步反演海表面粗糙度信息,进而计算海面风速。最后利用ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)的模式风速数据与反演获得的风速结果进行对比验证。结果表明,两者的相关系数较高(R=0.745),均方根误差和平均绝对偏差值分别为1.514 m·s-1和1.319 m·s-1。初步实验结果表明,利用MISR多角度光学遥感影像估算海表面风速是可行性的。 相似文献
88.
Three dimensional numerical simulation of residential building on shrink–swell soils in response to climatic conditions 下载免费PDF全文
Shrink–swell soils can cause distresses in buildings, and every year, the economic loss associated with this problem is huge. This paper presents a comprehensive system for simulating the soil–foundation–building system and its response to daily weather conditions. Weather data include rainfall, solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, all of which are readily available from a local weather station or the Internet. These data are used to determine simulation flux boundary conditions. Different methods are proposed to simulate different boundary conditions: bare soil, trees, and vegetation. A coupled hydro‐mechanical stress analysis is used to simulate the volume change of shrink–swell soils due to both mechanical stress and water content variations. Coupled hydro‐mechanical stress‐jointed elements are used to simulate the interaction between the soil and the slab, and general shell elements are used to simulate structural behavior. All the models are combined into one finite element program to predict the entire system's behavior. This paper first described the theory for the simulations. A site in Arlington, Texas, is then selected to demonstrate the application of the proposed system. Simulation results are shown, and a comparison between measured and predicted movements for four footings in Arlington, Texas, over a 2‐year period is presented. Finally, a three‐dimensional simulation is made for a virtual residential building on shrink–swell soils to identify the influence of various factors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
89.
Novel information and communication technologies have created new possibilities for transferring information and knowledge over distance. Although this might open up broad options for economic interaction, knowledge regarding the effects of these changes on the geographies of production and innovation is still incomplete. Under these circumstances, permanent co-location and face-to-face (F2F) interaction may be efficient in some contexts but not in others. Support by computer-mediated communication (CMC), temporary, and virtual interaction is increasingly becoming the basis for establishing trans-local production networks. By combining results from social psychology with economic geography, it is argued that there is no generally superior spatial fix for economic interaction. Different spatial configurations can be advantageous in different production and innovation contexts, even over large distances without permanent or even regular F2F contact. This paper systematically investigates the effects of new communication technologies and different organisational forms for economic interaction by emphasizing the potential of combining CMC with forms of temporary and permanent F2F interaction. 相似文献
90.